How the limits divide
The 19% and 25% rates hinge on two limits: £50,000 and £250,000. Those are the figures for a standalone company. Add associated companies and both limits are divided by the number of associates plus one — you count yourself.
- No associates
- £50,000 lower · £250,000 upper. 19% up to £50k.
- One associate
- £25,000 lower · £125,000 upper. Marginal band starts at £25k.
- Two associates
- ≈£16,667 lower · ≈£83,333 upper. The 25% rate arrives fast.
Why it catches people out
A contractor with a trading company and a small property company, or two ventures under one owner, can find a modest £60,000 profit taxed in the marginal-relief band rather than at the flat 19% they expected — purely because the limits halved. Most free calculators assume a standalone company and quietly get this wrong.
Not everything counts
The control test
- One company controls the other, or both are controlled by the same person or persons.
- Control = more than 50% of share capital, voting rights, income on distribution, or assets on a winding up.
- Tested across the whole world, not just UK companies, and for any part of the accounting period.