Why salary and dividends differ
Salary is earnings: it carries income tax and National Insurance, but the company gets Corporation Tax relief on it. Dividends carry no National Insurance, are taxed at lower headline rates, but are paid out of profit the company has already paid Corporation Tax on. That trade-off is the whole game.
- £500 dividend allowance — the first £500 of dividends is tax-free each year.
- 10.75% / 35.75% / 39.35% — dividend rates in the basic, higher and additional bands for 2026/27.
- Stacked on top — dividends are taxed in whichever band sits above your salary, not from zero.
The tax-efficient salary
£12,570 is the usual sweet spot for a sole director
Above the allowance, extra salary saves Corporation Tax but costs employer National Insurance (15% over a £5,000 threshold) and employee NI, so most one-person companies stop salary at £12,570 and take the rest as dividends. Your own answer depends on your profit level and whether the company has other staff.